关于 iOS SSID 格式字符串 BUG 的快速分析

date
Jun 21, 2021
slug
quick-analysis-wifid
status
Published
tags
summary
type
Post
数天前,Twitter上的 一条推文爆出了一个iOS Wi-Fi的BUG:
@vm_call: After joining my personal WiFi with the SSID “%p%s%s%s%s%n”, my iPhone permanently disabled it’s WiFi functionality. Neither rebooting nor changing SSID fixes it :~)
notion image
看起来这是一个格式化字符串的错误,现在这种BUG已经很少见了。我用相同的SSID设置了一个热点,用我的测试设备尝试加入,wifid很快就崩掉了。
以下是崩溃日志 wifid-2021-06-20-xxxxxx.ips
Thread 2 name:  Dispatch queue: com.apple.wifid.managerQueue
Thread 2 Crashed:
0   libsystem_platform.dylib      	0x00000001ebcb9724 _platform_strlen + 4
1   CoreFoundation                	0x00000001a381d84c __CFStringAppendFormatCore + 8812
2   CoreFoundation                	0x00000001a381efa8 _CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArgumentsReturningMetadata + 160
3   WiFiPolicy                    	0x00000001d0895f8c -[WFLogger WFLog:message:] + 192
4   ???                           	0x000000010692c00c 0 + 4405248012
5   wifid                         	0x0000000100f58a74 0x100e40000 + 1149556
6   wifid                         	0x0000000100f58c74 0x100e40000 + 1150068
所以这真的是格式化字符串错误!
反编译 dyld_shared_cache 中的这个函数 -[WFLogger WFLog:message:],有2处对CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArguments的引用
v7 = j__CFStringCreateWithCString_107(0LL, a4, 0x8000100u); // the format string
    if ( v7 || (v7 = j__CFStringCreateWithCString_107(0LL, a4, 0)) != 0LL )
  {
  if ( self->_destination == 2 )
  {
    v8 = j__CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArguments_26(0LL, 0LL, v7, v21);
    v18[3] = (__int64)v8;
  }
 if ( self->_destination != 2
  && (!self->_wflRunningOnWatchClassDevice || self->_wflEnableDualLoggingOnWatchClassDevice) )
{
  *(_QWORD *)&v16.tm_sec = 0LL;
  *(_QWORD *)&v16.tm_hour = &v16;
  *(_QWORD *)&v16.tm_mon = 0x2020000000LL;
  *(_QWORD *)&v16.tm_wday = 0LL;
  v10 = j__CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArguments_26(0LL, 0LL, v7, v21); // <-- here
用lldb debug这个issue很痛了,因为这个method太常见了。因此,使用frida frida-trace -U wifid -m '-[WFLogger WFLog:message:]',然后使用以下通知脚本:
  onEnter(log, args, state) {
  const msg = '' + args[3].readUtf8String();
  log(`-[WFLogger WFLog:${args[2]} message:${msg}]`);
  if (msg.indexOf('%p%s%s%s%s%n') > -1) {
    for (let i = 3; i < 10; i++) {
      log(args[i], JSON.stringify(Process.findRangeByAddress(args[i])));
    }

    log('called from:\n' +
      Thread.backtrace(this.context, Backtracer.ACCURATE)
      .map(DebugSymbol.fromAddress).join('\n') + '\n');
  }
},
这是在崩溃之前的日志:
17863 ms -[WFLogger WFLog:0x3 message:Dequeuing command type:%@” pending commands: %ld]

17863 ms -[WFLogger WFLog:0x3 message:{ASSOC+} Attempting Apple80211AssociateAsync to %p%s%s%s%s%n]
根据backtrace,这就是根本原因:
v27 = sub_1000A25D4(v21);
v28 = objc_msgSend(
        &OBJC_CLASS___NSString,
        "stringWithFormat:",
        CFSTR("Attempting Apple80211AssociateAsync to %@"),
        v27);
v29 = objc_msgSend(&OBJC_CLASS___NSString, "stringWithFormat:", CFSTR("{ %@+} %@"), CFSTR("ASSOC"), v28);
v30 = objc_autoreleasePoolPush();
v31 = (void *)qword_100251888;
if ( qword_100251888 )
{
    v32 = objc_msgSend(v29, "UTF8String");
    objc_msgSend(v31, "WFLog:message:", 3LL, v32);
}
objc_autoreleasePoolPop(v30);
它将 SSID concat到一个格式字符串,并将其传递给WFLog:message:方法,目的地是3,所以是CFStringCreateWithFormatAndArguments的第二个xref引发了拒绝服务。
对于可利用性,目前还没有问题,其余的参数也不像是可以控制的。因此,我不认为这个bug是可利用的。毕竟,要触发这个bug,你需要连接到该WiFi,其中的SSID对受害者是可见的。钓鱼Wi-Fi或许更有效。
This is a version from Schou.

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